Ancient human DNA found preserved on cave walls for thousands of years, study finds

Key Points:

• Researchers discovered ancient human DNA on cave walls for the first time, demonstrating that genetic material can persist on rock surfaces for thousands of years, offering a new method to study prehistoric humans.
• The study analyzed 54 samples from 24 rock art panels across 11 caves in Spain and Portugal, finding authentic ancient human DNA in only five samples, mostly from unpainted cave walls rather than painted surfaces.
• DNA evidence suggested some genetic material was directly deposited by humans, possibly through saliva, with further analysis indicating the individuals belonged to Western hunter-gatherer populations, including both males and females.
• The research highlights that while ancient DNA preservation on cave walls is rare, mineral crusts and protected cave environments enhance survival, and cave walls may provide valuable insights into the identity and activities of ancient cave visitors.
• Scientists plan to expand testing to more caves and different painting styles, aiming to improve methods and use cave walls as a novel source of information on prehistoric human behavior and population history.