Metformin lowers blood glucose by targeting intestinal mitochondrial complex I
Nature • • science
Key Points:
- Hundal et al. (2000) provided foundational evidence that metformin reduces glucose production by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes patients.
- Gontier et al. (2008) demonstrated that metformin increases glucose uptake in the intestines, as shown by elevated 18F-FDG bowel uptake in treated patients.
- Gormsen et al. (2016) used in vivo imaging to directly observe metformin accumulation in the human intestine after oral administration, detailing its biodistribution and kinetics.
- Reczek et al. (2024) revealed that metformin lowers blood glucose by targeting mitochondrial complex I, confirming that inhibition of this complex is essential for its glucose-lowering effect in vivo.
