Who are the ultra-Orthodox Jews, whose clout is growing in Israel?

Key Points:

• Ultra-Orthodox Jewish families in Israel, known as Haredim, prioritize full-time Torah study over military service and workforce participation, a practice rooted in their religious beliefs and traditions.
• The exemption of ultra-Orthodox men from military conscription has become a contentious national issue, especially amid ongoing conflicts and upcoming elections where ultra-Orthodox parties hold significant influence.
• The ultra-Orthodox population is rapidly growing and expected to constitute about 25% of Israel's population by 2050, intensifying debates over social, economic, and civic responsibilities.
• Despite the exemption, some ultra-Orthodox individuals have chosen to serve in the military following recent attacks, reflecting a complex relationship between religious obligations and national defense.
• The Israeli public and military leadership increasingly question the fairness of draft exemptions, given the sacrifices made by other Israeli soldiers, while ultra-Orthodox leaders maintain that Torah study is a spiritual duty that supersedes military service.