Why an ovary disorder may get a new name: Men can have it, too

Key Points:

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinological disorder affecting up to 13% of reproductive-age women, characterized by symptoms such as high androgen levels, insulin resistance, and infertility, but its current name is considered misleading by researchers.
• Emerging research suggests a potential male equivalent of PCOS exists, marked by similar metabolic and hormonal imbalances, such as low androgen levels and insulin resistance, particularly in men related to women with PCOS, though it is not formally recognized.
• The name "PCOS" is under revision to better reflect the syndrome’s broad metabolic, psychological, and cardiometabolic impacts beyond ovarian symptoms, with proposals including "reproductive metabolic syndrome" and "polygenic cardiometabolic ovarian syndrome."
• The renaming process has involved extensive global consultation with researchers, clinicians, patients, and advocacy groups to ensure inclusivity and sensitivity, especially regarding gender identity and cultural considerations, and a new name is expected to be announced soon.
• Despite the scientific progress, challenges remain in diagnosing PCOS accurately due to overlapping symptoms and varied presentations, and there is caution about shifting focus away from women, who are most profoundly affected by the condition.