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Alzheimer’s Is One Form of Dementia. Here’s What to Know About the Others.

The New York TimesDecember 1, 2025health

Key Points:

  • Alzheimer’s disease is the most commonly diagnosed form of dementia, but most individuals with dementia exhibit signs of multiple neurodegenerative diseases simultaneously.
  • Common brain changes in dementia include amyloid plaques and tau tangles (Alzheimer’s), blood vessel damage (vascular dementia), and toxic protein clumps linked to Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and LATE.
  • Diagnosis depends on predominant symptoms and neurological findings, which helps in managing symptoms and anticipating disease progression despite the lack of curative treatments.
  • Vascular dementia, the second most common type, often results from strokes or chronic damage to small blood vessels, particularly affecting the brain’s white matter responsible for neural signal transmission.