Virus-inspired DNA needle could pave the way for better medicines

Key Points:

• Researchers at Aarhus University have developed a synthetic DNA needle inspired by bacteriophages that can deliver molecules directly into cells while avoiding the common problem of endosomal trapping, which neutralizes many medicines before they reach their target.
• Unlike natural bacteriophages, the artificial needle carries no genetic material but can be programmed to target specific cell types and release tailor-made molecules inside them, showing promise for treating diseases requiring intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides or proteins.
• The method has been successfully demonstrated in laboratory experiments delivering dye into breast cancer cells, serving as a proof of concept; however, challenges remain including delivering larger molecules, assessing delivery efficiency, and ensuring safety in humans.
• The DNA needle is constructed using DNA origami techniques, combining modular components such as antibodies for targeting, cholesterol to penetrate membranes, and polymer coatings for protection, with the payload cleaved inside the cell to perform its function.
• While initially expected to be expensive and likely used for rare genetic disorders, the technology could eventually be adapted for broader medical applications, including cancer treatment, pending further research and funding.